Adding Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviours, and Assignment

Including Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviors, and Organizational Commitment - Assignment Example As indicated by the discussionâ employee resourcing is characterized in different manners, including what it is fundamentally made out of, what it ought to be, and what it really is. Armstrong gave a direct meaning of the job of resourcing in supporting organization tasks and goals: â€Å"Resourcing is organizations main thing to guarantee they have the individuals they need.† Employee resourcing incorporates enlistment, choice, and maintenance strategies.This paper stresses thatâ employee resourcing can improve execution through embracing decent variety the board methodologies. From enrolling to employing, an assorted variety the executives viewpoint permits HR to search for and recruit from as fluctuated pools of candidates as could reasonably be expected. This identifies with Equal Opportunity rule, where predispositions and segregation are expelled from HR arrangements and practices. Wilson gave the UK National Health Service as a delineation of global assorted variety t he executives. She focused on that the NHS is â€Å"largest single business inside the UK, utilizing over a million people †5 percent of the working populace †in various professions. The NHS receives the rewards of tapping capable and experienced individuals from everywhere throughout the world, while vagrant laborers increase supportive instruction and experience. Advantages stream the two different ways for the NHS case. Moreover, choosing various individuals improves innovativeness. Google is known for its assorted variety the board in recruiting and choosing individuals.

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays (4945 words) - Computing

Ace OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays (4945 words) - Computing Ace OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Hierarchical CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT ( MGT 6255 ) Contextual analysis ON MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS: MICROSOFT, DELL, INTEL, ATT, AND VIRGIN AMERICA AIRLINE Report arranged by: Abdulla Abdulqader Al-Attas (G1430873) Substance TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc446759270 1.Microsoft Corporation PAGEREF _Toc446759270 h 3 1.1.What open doors Microsoft missed or what did Microsoft foul up? PAGEREF _Toc446759271 h 3 1.2.What Microsoft ought to have done? PAGEREF _Toc446759274 h 4 2.Dell PAGEREF _Toc446759275 h 6 2.1.What Opportunities Dell Missed Or What Did Dell Do Wrong? PAGEREF _Toc446759277 h 6 2.2.What Dell ought to have done to evade this emergency? PAGEREF _Toc446759278 h 7 3.Intel PAGEREF _Toc446759279 h 9 3.1.What Opportunities Intel Missed Or What Did Intel Do Wrong? PAGEREF _Toc446759281 h 9 3.2.What Intel ought to have done to maintain a strategic distance from or defeated this emergency? PAGEREF _Toc446759282 h 10 4.ATT Mobility PAGEREF _Toc446759283 h 11 4.1.What Opportunities ATT Missed Or What Did ATT Do Wrong? PAGEREF _Toc446759285 h 11 4.2.What ATT ought to have done to stay away from or defeated this emergency? PAGEREF _Toc446759286 h 12 5.Virgin America PAGEREF _Toc446759291 h 13 5.1.What Opportunities Virgin America Missed Or What Did Virgin America Do Wrong? PAGEREF _Toc446759297 h 13 5.2.What Virgin America ought to do to keep away from or beat this emergency? PAGEREF _Toc446759299 h 13 Reference PAGEREF _Toc446759300 h 15 Microsoft Corporation In 1975, a Harvard drop-out had a dream to see Microsoft working framework programming on each PC work area. Today, Microsoft has amassed a great arrangement of assets, coalitions, worldwide tasks, clients and pundits. That made Microsoft being recorded in the Fortune 100 and commanded the working framework world and a pioneer in various ventures. Microsoft center business is to fabricate, permit, and supports programming items for processing gadgets and games arrangements. Both Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office Suit are the most gainful items. Since the 1990's, it is the most gainful IT organization worldwide with 93,000 representatives and bolstered by a solid association with any semblance of IBM and HP, to continuously overwhelmed the home PC and endeavor working framework advertise. Microsoft has likewise entered the PC equipment advertise under home diversion items, for example, the Xbox 360, TV link MSNBC. The organization's underlying open stock contribution (IPO) was in 1986; the resulting ascent of the organization's stock cost has made four very rich people and an expected 12,000 moguls from Microsoft representatives. While the underlying beginning of Microsoft was amazing, anyway for as long as 10 years it has botched numerous chances to keep up that initiative position, especially when Bill doors ventured down from being Microsoft CEO and passed the rudder to Steve Ballmer. What openings Microsoft missed or what did Microsoft foul up? There are numerous open doors that Microsoft has missed, in any case, we have featured the key items that if Microsoft made the correct procedure on the items beneath, those different open doors would have followed since they can be considered as enhanced these key items. Portable While, Microsoft predominance came to a level that each screen will streak its logo and virtual work area on each PC gadgets. This was for the most part contributed by making a solid organization with significant PC and server creators (equipment producer). That technique went on until cell phone began taking clients eyes from PC screens away. Clients have built up another way of life to cell phone gadgets instead of having 15-inch PCs to get to their corporate or individual messages and to carry out their responsibilities and it was supplanted by a 6-inc gadget utilizing a solitary hand. The cell phones danger to the PC is developing by around 50 percent every year. Past Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer had Windows Mobile available route back, yet it was never an extraordinary item. Ballmer additionally hit a late association with Nokia, and the item has some perfect points of interest however everything likens to short of what was needed. Tablet Before Amazon and Apple presented (arouse and iPad, individually), Microsoft acquainted with the market digital book programming in 2000. In any case, the screens during that time were difficult on the eye to peruse for a considerable length of time, until Amazon presented Kindle with a light screen to peruse digital books. Music One of Microsoft most prominent contenders Apple was near the very edge of conclusion until it presented iTunes and iPod, which was a stage to download lawful music and offer it. Apple took what they gained from

Management Effective contemporary quality Management practices

Presentation Management is viewed as the most significant part of activity in the association. There are a few factors that select to be viably overseen and facilitated to guarantee that the association successfully and effectively works or capacity. There are a few assets that an association or organization require to adequately and productively operate.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management: Effective contemporary quality Management rehearses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, HR are viewed as the most significant assets in an association. This is on the grounds that HR are straightforwardly accountable for execution of obligations and accomplishment of results in an association. Essentially, HR are accountable for definition and execution of arrangements in an association. Associations require powerful and practical approaches to productively work. Besides, the HR or representatives must be capable to guarantee that the planned approaches are successfully actualized. This is a report paper talking about or discussing the connection between employees’ competency and hierarchical productivity. Employees’ competency and effectiveness in an association Today, there are four significant obstructions that may influence the degree of profitability in some random association. These difficulties incorporate call to fulfill customers, requirement for advancement, require a quick reaction to the ever-moving business sector necessities, and enlarged degrees of rivalry. Thus, the two administrators and laborers should be focused on the achievement of a company’s targets so as to beat these obstacles. It is in this manner important for the board to think of viable systems to manage the current issue, for example, the board ought to guarantee that all parts of a company’s activities are steady and urging to workers. They can accomplish this by first guaranteeing that the organization’s fundamental prerequisites are set up. Such necessities may incorporate high caliber of merchandise and enterprises that representatives can without much of a stretch backer for. For the most part, such necessities require equipped workers to guarantee that they are met. Representative competency should start with the top administration and authorized among the lesser workers as well. Moreover, a fantastic arrangement of conveyance that ensures that vows and guarantees made to the clients are met, compelling practices which are earnest, obvious and executed with trustworthiness. Above all, the board ought to consider the way wherein it ought to give push to rouse laborers as this impacts their degree of promise to the organization (Ferguson 36).Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are a few factors that are thought of while assessing effectiveness of an associati on. These components ought to be adequately planned and actualized to upgrade proficiency of the individual association. Fundamentally, an association requires able staff or workers to accomplish its objectives and targets, and viably and enough react to showcase changes, produce quality products and enterprises and make or improve great connection between the organization and people in general and upgrade consumers’ fulfillment. By and large, effectiveness of an association is gotten from the nature of merchandise and enterprises it creates or offers in the market, its reaction to mechanical changes and market changes, consumers’ fulfillment and connection the organization has with the overall population among others. In this manner, an association requires able workers to upgrade proficiency in activity. Moreover, proficiency in association is improved by competency of representatives of the individual association (Gowdy 28). Despite the fact that innovation is known to command the current corporate area all through the world, a great deal of spotlight has as of late been put on representatives just as the way in which they are dealt with by their seniors. Fundamentally, connection between the lesser and senior representatives is dictated by competency of both the lesser and senior workers. It has been demonstrated that skillful workers expertly relate independent of their situation in the separate association prompting effectiveness in the authoritative activities. It is regularly said that the best administrators produce the best outcomes from their representatives. In actuality, from the beginning of time, directors have conceived a few methodologies and systems which have been planned for upgrading execution of representatives. Furthermore, a great deal of research has been done with respect to worker commitment. Therefore, there is have to fundamentally look at worker commitment and competency just as jobs played by chiefs and connection b etween employees’ self-viability and managers’ adequacy. This will assist with clarifying the effects just as advantages of improving representative competency through commitment. Also, it will assist with lighting up on different ways that might be utilized to upgrade representative competency through commitment in the individual association (Bret 37).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Management: Effective contemporary quality Management rehearses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational destinations, authoritative effectiveness and employees’ competency Businesses or associations are framed with targets or objectives. In any case, there are various sorts of associations, for example, benefit situated and non benefit associations. In spite of the fact that non benefit associations are not after augmentation of benefits, they require able workers to meet their objectives or goals. Targets and objectives are set by b oth benefit situated and non benefit associations. This is on the grounds that targets and objectives administer tasks of individual associations in the separate ventures and market where they work. Essentially, associations require skilled workers so they can framework or set reasonable objectives or destinations that can be accomplished inside the expressed cutoff time (Uche 35). Destinations and objectives set or illustrated by an association may prompt productive activity of the separate association or organization. Accomplishment of the particular objectives and destinations inside the expressed cutoff times additionally reflects effectiveness of the association, however competency of the workers of the separate association. Accordingly, an association requires a skillful staff or supervisory crew to set or set up practical goals. Moreover, associations additionally require skilled representatives or staff to accomplish the separate objectives and goals inside the expressed cut off times. This is on the grounds that accomplishment of objectives and destinations requires skilled representatives who comprehend the idea of every target and time required during the execution time frame to accomplish the individual objectives and goals (McCarthy 42). Destinations and objectives of an association may likewise decide the effectiveness of the separate association. Be that as it may, this must be acknowledged in the event that the particular association representatives skilled workers to improve acknowledgment or accomplishment of the separate objectives or destinations. An association may set up powerful objectives and targets, yet the individual objectives or destinations may not prompt productivity of the separate association. This can occur in the event that the association needs skilled workers who can viably actualize the individual objectives and destinations, and guarantee their accomplishments inside the expressed cutoff times by the separate association. By and large, an association requires a capable human asset group that can define sensible objectives and goals, which can prompt proficiency of the separate association. Be that as it may, definition of powerful objectives and targets may not be valuable to an association in the event that it does not have an able human asset group to execute the particular objectives and objectives.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this way, an association ought to create and keep up able representatives who can adequately progress in the direction of accomplishment of the objectives and destinations, and upgrade productivity of the association by guaranteeing that the objectives and targets are accomplished inside the cutoff times expressed by the supervisory crew during definition of the particular objectives and goals (Singleton and Singleton 52). Employees’ competency, hierarchical effectiveness and innovative changes In activity of organizations, the board needs to consider both interior and outer business condition factors. Associations have direct impact over inside elements, however not the outside elements however both influence activities of an association, for example, mechanical changes. There are a few vulnerabilities in the business condition that associations should successful react to improve proficiency in activity in the particular market and industry where they work. Inability to sa tisfactorily and adequately react to these vulnerabilities may prompt misfortunes or even conclusion of activity of the individual association. Innovation is dynamic and much of the time changes and this additionally influences tasks of associations independent of their line of business or nature of organizations they execute. By and large, innovative changes influence conveyance of administrations and creation of products by associations and organizations in the market or all around (Silverstone and Sheetz 48). Associations should successfully and satisfactorily react to changes in innovation that straightforwardly influence their tendency of business. Inability to react to these progressions may influence salary levels of the particular association. Moreover, it might likewise influence activity of

Organizational Structure For Abc Systems Business Essay - Free Essay Example

The purpose of this report is to analyze how ABC Systems could develop and implement human resource strategies that could improve the HR function and organizational effectiveness. This report is divided into sessions. The first session is a briefing about the most appropriate organizational structure and processes for the company taking into account the current external environment. The second session talks about different approaches of personnel management, human resource management and strategic human resource management that would help the company to implement change and overcome resistance to change. The third and fourth session is about the companys human resource planning and recruitment and selection processes, to see how they could be enhanced and how capable they currently are to cope with the planned expansion. The fifth session deals with an investigation into the contribution that human resource development and knowledge management could make to enhancing individual and organizational performance. The sixth session is a few recommendations on performance and reward strategies that the company should undertake in order to reduce the high level of turnover within the company. Finally, the last session gives a few suggestions on how to develop a harmonious and trusting employment relationship within the existing and new expanding company. All these sess ions will help ABC systems to achieve its organizational goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. Session 1: Organizational Structure for ABC Systems A firms size can affect the nature of external environmental impacts as well as its ability to respond. Small businesses with limited resources, particularly in terms of finance and management, are unable to scan or analyze the environment and therefore react negatively towards environmental changes. However, small firms have certain advantages over large businesses when it comes to adapting to economic changes. They have a smaller decision-making base in terms of leadership and can also make faster changes in the workforce or product offerings. Generally, some types of small businesses thrive in a slow economy. For example, companies that facilitate vehicle and property repossessions show an increase in profits during a slow economy. Firms that have a solid financial backing can increase in expansion opportunities by buying out their struggling competitors or gaining their competitors customer bases. Similarly, ABC system, a small but growing company will continue to not only e xpand its market but its product portfolio as well. The most appropriate organizational structure for ABC system is the matrix organizational structure. Basically, this design groups employees by both function and product. This structure is useful for companies that deal with multiple products and that work in different geographical areas. In this case, individuals would work across teams and projects as well as within their own department or function. Session 2: Defining Personnel Management, Human Resource Management and Strategic Human Resource Management Personnel management is the process of acquiring, using and maintaining a satisfied workforce. Basically, it deals with rules and regulations made for the personnel working in the organization. The main focus here is the achievement of objectives by giving more powers and authority to managers. Human Resource Management on the other hand, is broader than personnel management. Recognizing the importance of employees and dealing with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, employee motivation etc. are some of its core functions. The main focus here is the co-ordination and development of the personnel of the organization. Effective human resource management enables employees to do a better job and therefore contribute to the accomplishment of the organizations goals and objectives. Strategic human resource management is defined as linking human resources with the strategic goals and objectives of the company in order to achieve excellent business results. It also helps in developing an organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In a nutshell, a good HR strategy will always be aligned with the organizational strategy and the HRM policies and programs. Implementing Change Over the years, HRM processes and functions have changed and will continue to change due to the changes in the internal and external environment. As businesses become more competitive, the practice of HRM has become more strategically focused. There are always rapid changes in industries likes telecommunications and computer technologies. In such cases, ABC systems needs to constantly determine whether or not to increase their capabilities in order to have a competitive advantage. The company needs to continuously identify its competitors, its key success factors, product life cycle and well as the driving forces in the buyer sector. For example, in the PC industry, PC components and the software that run them are provided by different suppliers. This means that the company needs to effectively form a good relationship with not only the buyers; but the suppliers as well. Thus, the Strategic human resource management systems needs to be able to recruit, staff and develop employee s to understand the needs of these buyers and suppliers. These in turn, will the firm to achieve the overall organizational goals and objectives. It is vital that every strategic option that the firm considers should have a human resource implication. For example, if the firm has a developed a strategy to implement new technology, then it needs to plan on recruiting and training new staff to understand and use the new technology. HR managers need to play a central role in helping implement change. For example, structural change may require performance reviews to decide who needs to be terminated and who needs to stay. Changing employee attitudes, skills and behavior are efforts that human resource managers need to undertake in an organization undergoing changes. Overcoming Resistance to Change Psychologist Kurt Lewin formulated a change process that can be implemented in the face of resistance. This includes three steps: 1. Unfreezing: Unfreezing means reducing the forces that strive to maintain the staus quo. In this case, HR managers needs to make people understand that there is a need for change and to search for new solutions. Basically, the HR manager needs to establish a sense of urgency. 2. Moving: Moving means helping employees to develop new behaviors, values and attitudes. The main aim here is to alter individuals behavior. 3. Refreezing: By implementing reward systems, performance appraisals and procedures, employees would be motivated to support and maintain these new changes. Session 3: Evaluation of the ABC System Human Resource Planning Human Resource planning is a strategic management process aimed at ensuring that the organization will have the human resources it needs now so that in the future it will be able to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Through HRP, the organization will be able to match the needs of human resources to those of the business in the short and long term form of a quantitative and qualitative perspective. Furthermore, HRP has a strategic role to play when looking at the ways in which people are employed and developed in order to improve organization performance. Currently, ABC Systems human resource policies and procedures operate on a reactive basis with limited forward planning and strategic thinking. Its structure has evolved rather than being planned. With the planned expansion and increase in competition, ABC Systems would be re-structured. This means new employees would have to be recruited and existing employees need to be trained so that they can adjust easi ly to these changes. Basically, the company would have to take on a more proactive approach. The Following Steps in the process of Human Resource Planning can be applied to ABC Systems. The HRP is normally done by the HRD manager: 1. Review of Organizations Objectives The HRD manager studies the objectives of the organization and analyses all the jobs needed to achieve these objectives. 2. Estimation of Manpower Requirements The Manpower requirement is estimated by the HRD manager. Basically, he studies the number of employers and managers required to do the job in the organization. This estimation is done in terms of quantity and quality. 3. Estimation of Manpower Supply The HRD manager then estimates how many managers and employers are available in the organization. 4. Comparison of Manpower Comparisons are done to understand the manpower requirements and manpower supply. 5. Difference In case of no difference, the HRD manager does not take any act ion. However, if he comes across a difference, the HRD manager should take the following actions: Manpower Surplus In the case of a manpower surplus, the following actions are undertaken: 1. Termination 2. Lay Off 3. Voluntary Retirement 2. Manpower Shortage: 1. Promoting Staff Internally 2. Overtime 3. Training to improve quality 4. Hire staff externally, etc 6. Motivation of Manpower Employees are motivated by providing financial and non-financial incentives 7. Monitoring Manpower Requirements The HRD manager needs to constantly monitor the manpower requirements. When an employee leaves the company, it should not stop the functioning of the day-to-day activities of the firm. Session 4: Evaluation of ABC Systems Recruitment and Selection Process: It can be seen that ABC Systems has a high turnover rate, with a number of employees leaving within a short period after the recruitment and selection process. Through recruitment, an organization aims to attract the most suitable employees to a particular job. The selection process on the other hand, involves choosing suitable individuals for a specific job. However, at ABC Systems, employees are recruited without the application of formal assessment methods. This means that the competent individuals are doing jobs that are unsuitable for them. In order to increase quality outputs and reduce turnover, it is vital that individuals are placed at the right job and at the right time. ABC Systems can achieve this by recruiting employees from inside the organization through techniques such as internal promotions, lateral transfers and job rotation. This type of technique is cost effective and provides opportunities for employees to develop their careers within the organization. Ho wever, at the same time, it prevents new ideas from emerging because the present staff continues to work in the existing ways of working. ABC Systems need to take into account both the cost of recruiting employees and the importance of linking this process with other human resource processes. If this recruitment and selection process is ineffective, it may lead to a range of issues including those with performance management, learning and development and ultimately retention. Session 5: Evaluation of Human Resource Development in enhancing individual and organizational performance Human Resource Development involves training employees, providing opportunities to learn new skills, ensuring that employees have the resources to perform day-to-day activities and above all perform their jobs to their full potential. The employees at ABC Systems are not given an induction at the start of the employment. An induction essentially helps employees understand organizational philosophies, goals, objectives, regulations and practices. It also helps the new employee to familiarize with his superiors, subordinators and peers. A good induction programs is the basement of mutual understanding for all parties. Currently, employees are incompetent to carry out their allocated tasks effectively. This results in mistakes and a reduction in quality and output. One way, ABC Systems can eliminate these issues is to give more importance to the training and development of both existing and new staff. Technically, training helps changing attitudes, skills and knowledge of a pers on and therefore results in an improvement of the behavior and skills of the employee. Trainings should be planned keeping in mind the individual goals as well as the organizational goals. This is in turn, helps the organization achieve effectiveness and sustainability. Session 6: Recommended Performance and Reward Strategy for ABC Systems Performance Management Performance Management is a strategic approach which helps in increasing an organizations overall effectiveness. This can be done through improving the capability, competence and performance of individuals and teams. The main aim here is to align individual objectives to organizational objectives and reward these individuals appropriately for their contribution towards the organization. ABC Systems needs to develop and implement an effective Performance Management System (PMS). This requires the following 1. A clear alignment between the corporate strategy and all other strategies. 2. Engagement of all employees with senior management, which plays an important role in cascading objectives downwards. 3. A review, or appraisal, process, that provides informative feedback on a regular basis. Performance Appraisal This is an integral part of PMS, as it allows the employees to discuss their performance with their line manager. This performance review is done by comparing the individuals performance with the set of agreed objectives. Furthermore, it provides an assessment of the employees suitability for promotion, further development and reward levels. Reward Strategies Individuals perform their jobs in anticipation of rewards. All employees look forward to their basic salary in return for their days work. Thus, ABC Systems needs to consider the type of payment system used as a part of their reward system in order to attract and retain employees. Basically, effective reward systems would help the organization to be more competitive, increase motivation, retain key employees and reduce turnover. ABC Systems can use extrinsic as well as intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards are external rewards that are tied to certain employee behaviors, skills or roles in an organization. For example, an employee who is overworked may value additional vacation time or reduced workload compared to a few extra pounds. Intrinsic rewards on the other hand are derived from the satisfaction an employee gets because they have done a job well. For this purpose, Job Enrichment needs to be done by the manager. This involves improving work processes and environments so tha t the job is more satisfying for employees. Session 7: Initiatives that will help develop employment relationships within the existing and new expanding company. Employee Relationship is basically the relationship which exists between the employers and employees in the workplace. Currently, ABC Systems have a poor communication issues amongst employees. This has led to reduction in morale and also has de-motivated the employees. Generally, lack of communication in the organization, such as between managers and employees, results in conflicts which can harm an organization. Following are a few ways that ABC Systems can develop good employment relationships: Psychological Contract: One way to develop harmonious and trusting relationships is to enable employers to enter into psychological contracts with their employees. A psychological contract expresses a set of expectations that are exchanged between a set of parties in an employment relationship. Such parties include employers, managers, individual employees and other colleagues. For example, at Designs, employees were allowed to leave work early every Tuesday afternoon. This arrangement was never written, but has always been acknowledged by the management. However, it should be noted that breach of this psychological contract could damage employment relationship and affect the commitment of the employees. Equality of Opportunity And Managing Diversity It is essential that the company promote a work environment that recognizes the importance of respect for different races, sexes and backgrounds of individuals within the organization. With the expansion of ABC Systems, the company will be recruiting new employees from different backgrounds and cultures. It is therefore vital that the company put into place policies and practices to build an inclusive and harmonious workplace. Companies that manage an excellent diverse workforce are able to bring about better business performance and higher employee engagement. Deal With Conflict Situations With employees from different backgrounds, age groups and cultures; it is likely that the organization will have to deal with conflict situations. In such cases, it is essential that discipline and grievance procedures be implemented. The disciplinary and grievance procedures provide a framework for dealing with conflicts that occur between the employer and employee. Such procedures ensure that employees are treated in the same way in similar circumstances and that issues are deal with quickly. Session 7: References

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 893 Words

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The Theory Of Social Life - 1581 Words

In order to interpret social life we have utilized three primary theoretical perspectives. In this paper I will summarize all three primary perspectives by identifying the role, figures and key concepts related to each of these three theories. I will then identify which of these three theories I find most useful in studying sociology today and then I will explain the rationale behind my selection. Finally, I will provide my own argument to the debate as whether the purpose of social research should be only to advance the understanding of human behavior or to investigate/reform harmful social arrangements. The first theory I will cover is symbolic interactionism. The symbolic interaction perspective, also called symbolic interactionism,†¦show more content†¦Interactionist seem to focus on the subject aspects of social life. People interpret one another’s behavior and it is these interpretations that form the social bond. These interpretations are called the â€Å"defi nition of the situation† (Crossman). For example, why would young people smoke cigarettes even when medical evidence points to the dangers of doing so? Studies find that teenagers are well informed about the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, that they themselves will be safe from harm, and that smoking projects a positive image to their peers (Crossman). The symbolic meaning of smoking overrides the actual facts regarding smoking and risk. â€Å"Some fundamental aspects of our social experience and identities, like race and gender, can be understood through the symbolic interactionist lens† (Crossman). Having no biological bases at all, both race and gender are social constructs that function based on what we believe to be true about people, given what they look like. We tend to use socially constructed meanings of race and gender to help us decide who we interact with, how to do so, and to help us determine, sometimes inaccurately, the meaning of a person s words or actions (Crossman). â€Å"In the cases of race and gender, this perspective would not account for social forces like systemic racism or gender discrimination, which strongly influence what we believe race and gender mean† (Crossman). â€Å"One reason for this focus

The Tragedy of the American Military free essay sample

The Civil War, which divided the Northern and Southern states in the bloodiest conflict in U.S. history, raged on when Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as President. Lincoln Knew that all the tragedy and casualties had to come to an end. When delivering his Second Inaugural Address, he chose to send a message of reconciliation and healing to both sides instead of focusing on politics, slavery, and state’s rights. Through the use of allusion, diction, and syntax Lincoln creates a common ground to unify the North and South.Lincoln uses allusion to justify the war and its purpose, which was to end slavery. In his speech, he alludes to the Bible, quoting, â€Å"Woe unto the world because of offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh,† to show that the war was caused by God’s wish and was inevitable. America as a whole had committed theâ€Å"offense† of slavery, not just the South but the North as well because they were involved at the beginning of the slave trade and did nothing to end it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragedy of the American Military or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lincoln suggests that the tragedy and destruction wrought by the war was a divine punishment to America for possessing slaves to fulfill their greedy desires, saying that God may will that the war continue until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, and that the war was the countrys woe due, so both sides were to be blamed for their actions. He again alludes to the Bible, and says, â€Å"the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether† demonstrating that the meaning of the war was for the North and South to see the consequences of their failings, and to learn to become better people, and through that a better nation, calling for all Americans to â€Å"strive on to finish the work we are in, and to bind the nation’s wounds† alluding to a passage of the Book of Psalms, which states that God heals the broken hearted and wounded.Lincoln uses diction to create different tones in different parts of the speec h. In the speech, he describes the atmosphere of the nation before the Civil War. He remembers how â€Å"all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending war† and how â€Å"[all] dreaded it,† illustrating an ambiance of stress and uncertainty in the nation like a heavy weight was on everyone’s shoulders.